ADHD Assessments
There isn't a single test to determine if a person is suffering from ADHD. Instead, specialists use various tools to gather information about and observe the symptoms of a person.
These include standardized clinical interviewing and rating scales, observational ratings and a number of psychometric/neuropsychological tests (including intelligence testing). They are a crucial element of the comprehensive assessment process that is necessary to screen, evaluate the patient, and monitor treatment.
Assessment Process
Most ADHD assessments require a thorough interview with the evaluator and the person being evaluated. A clinician such as a psychologist medical professional or clinical social worker will conduct the assessment. The clinician will inquire with the patient about their past and present symptoms. A lot of evaluators utilize standardized behavior rating scales. These questionnaires are based upon research comparing the behavior of people suffering from ADHD and those who don't. They are not considered diagnostic by themselves however they provide important objective data to the evaluation. The Vanderbilt Assessment Scale, the Teacher-Parent Report form of the Behavior Assessment System for Children and the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale are all examples. Adults can be assessed using an established ADHD rating scale like the Wender Utah Rating Scale. For both adults and children, the clinician will also use a behavioral checklist. This is to check for other conditions which often occur in conjunction with ADHD. These include oppositional disorder, conduct disorder anxiety, depression, and conduct disorder.
The evaluator will also look at the person's previous and current medications. In addition, the therapist will look over medical records and gather details about the person's family members and their environment. For example the evaluator might inquire about whether the person's parents or other relatives suffer from ADHD and what their symptoms were.
Neuropsychological and psychometric tests can provide valuable information to aid the evaluator to diagnose ADHD particularly when there is a degree of uncertainty regarding the diagnosis. These tests aren't useful as the primary tool to diagnose ADHD because of their insensitivity and specificity. Additionally, they do not adequately reflect the variety of situations that an adult faces every day.
A more recent test SPECT brain imaging provides useful information about how the brain functions over a the short time. However the results are useful in the diagnosis of certain types of injuries and illnesses that affect the brain. They do not accurately reflect the way the brain functions in everyday situations like at work, school and in relationships.
It is best to consult an expert in mental health who is experienced in the evaluation and management of ADHD. A referral from a doctor or therapist is the best way to locate such an individual.
Signs and symptoms
People suffering from ADHD frequently have difficulty staying focused and managing their emotions. This can cause problems at school, at work or in relationships. It can also be difficult to deal with everyday frustrations. Because of this that untreated ADHD symptoms could lead to job loss, broken friendships and other serious repercussions.
To be diagnosed with ADHD the person must be suffering from symptoms that persist throughout the adolescence and childhood. These symptoms must also hinder in their ability to function normally and must be present prior to the age of 12.
The most frequently reported symptoms of ADHD are inattention and impulsivity. Inattentive symptoms include trouble staying focused, ignoring important information, and having difficulty remembering things. The person could also display inadequate organizational skills or experience difficulties following instructions and keeping track of many tasks at a time.
Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms include fidgeting, being unable to sit still, having excess energy, and being talkative. The person who suffers from this type of ADHD may also have trouble getting their turn and interrupting others.
Children typically exhibit these kinds of ADHD symptoms when they begin school. They may have difficulty in school due to the demands of academics and may become frustrated with their inability to organize or focus. They may also struggle with interpersonal relationships due to their tendency to have emotional outbursts.
These symptoms can last throughout adulthood, which can lead to difficulties at work and in romantic relationships and even with family members. Untreated ADHD can cause people to feel embarrassed or blame themselves. They might believe that they are not smart enough to be successful or that there is something wrong with them. more info to recognize that ADHD is not a sign that you aren't smarter or able.
Your primary healthcare provider or an expert in mental health will conduct a thorough assessment to diagnose ADHD. They will ask you questions about your symptoms and how they affect your life. They will also interview your spouse, other family members, and your friends. To assess your symptoms, they'll utilize scales of behavior ratings and symptom lists. They will also review your medical history and educational background. They might also refer you for a physical examination or psychological tests to eliminate any other health issues.
Diagnosis
Your child or you are struggling in school. It could be the dreaded "snow day" or perhaps you're worried about the most recent teacher evaluation. You've heard about ADHD but aren't sure what it is. Is your child just lazy, or does he have an issue that's easier treated than to solve? A thorough diagnosis is vital. You must determine whether your problems are caused by excessive screen time, bad parenting or a medical issue. Fortunately, your family doctor can assist you in determining whether an ADHD assessment is right for you.
In general, an ADHD assessment involves an interview, a review of symptoms and the use of rating scales or checklists. Doctors will ask about the person's past health, developmental progress going back to childhood as well as work and academic experience and driving history as well as family and marital relationships. The examiner will also check for other disorders such as learning disabilities, mood and anxiety disorders.
The person being evaluated must be able to talk about the subject matter openly and honestly. It is crucial that the person who is being evaluated does not hide from embarrassment or because of fear of criticism. This will help the examiner to comprehend how ADHD affects daily life and suggest solutions.
To qualify for a diagnosis of ADHD the symptoms must be present prior to age 12 and must be "impairing" in at least two main settings such as school or at home. The impairment goes beyond being unable to remember or having difficulty keeping up with assignments. It could also mean getting fired from a work because of tardiness, or failing to complete a task in time, or causing stress and conflict in relationships.
Many doctors will interview the patient and a loved one (spouse sibling, parent or spouse for children) and may solicit feedback from those who spend an extended period of time with the patient -- such as a nanny, coach or religious leader. This kind of personal insight often uncovers information that can't be gleaned from questionnaires. Psychiatrists also conduct physical examinations and lab tests like blood and urinary testing to rule out other possible causes.
Treatment
A health professional can conduct an ADHD assessment to determine if there is an underlying cause, like a mood disorder or a physical condition that triggers similar symptoms. A thorough evaluation involves examining the person's medical and mental history, as well as evaluating their past and present behavior and school performance. It also includes contacting family, teachers, and other family members to get a complete picture of the person’s functioning in different situations.
People suffering from ADHD often benefit from a variety of treatments, says Dr. Frank. Some people are prescribed medication to improve focus and concentration and reduce the impulsiveness. These include stimulants like Ritalin or Adderall or non-stimulant drugs that take longer time to take effect, but may enhance attention skills, such as Intuniv and Clonidine.
Behavioral therapy is also part of the majority of treatment plans, especially for children. The therapist may teach them organization strategies to aid them in keeping on top of things or to practice mindfulness meditation to help improve their impulse control and better manage their time. Family or marriage counseling is also beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD. It helps them develop the skills of problem-solving and communication which will assist them in dealing with their issues at home and at work.
Many people suffering from ADHD will also find that they can reduce their symptoms if they eat well balanced meals, have enough sleep and exercise, as well as reduce their intake of junk food and alcohol. They may also find it beneficial to seek help from family and friends or join a support group or participate in an ADHD coach training program which can provide them with tips and tools to manage their symptoms. People who are diagnosed with ADHD should see their GP regularly for checkups on their medication, to help them know the effectiveness of their treatment and to address any side consequences. GPs can also refer people who suffer from ADHD to an psychologist or psychiatrist for further evaluation and diagnosis.